This topic has been presented in Toolbox Talks a few times, but since the heat wave is expected to continue for a bit, this is a good time to review some tips for preventing heat-related illnesses - heat stroke and heat exhaustion.
1. Drink before you get thirsty (nonalcoholic drinks).
2. Try to complete your outdoor tasks in early morning or late evening to avoid the hottest part of the day.
3. If you must be outside during mid-day, stay in the shade as much as possible and/or take breaks in air-conditioned buildings.
4. Protect your skin. Wear a wide-brimmed hat and sunscreen. Keep clothes in mind, too. A regular white cotton t-shirt only provides the same level as SPF 8 sunscreen. Clothes offering between SPF 30 and SPF 50 are now available and discount stores like Walmart and Target.
5. Work with a buddy who can help you out if you overdo it.
Given the extreme heat, it is certainly possible to suffer from heat illness even with proper precautions. Here is what you should watch for:
Heat Exhaustion is the body's response to a loss of water and salt. Symptoms include fatigue, dizziness, rapid and shallow breathing, nausea and muscle cramps. Heat exhaustion can typically be relieved in about 30 minutes after moving to a cool environment, drinking water and using a damp cloth to cool down the skin.
Heat Stroke occurs when the body is unable to control it's temperature. Symptoms include chills, hallucinations, high body temperature, headache, confusion, dizziness and slurred speech. Heat stroke is a medical emergency and someone should call 911 right away. You should also immediately attempt to cool the person by moving them inside or in the shade and fanning them or apply cool water to their skin.
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